![]() 5 Hand B was probably second to work on the manuscript, after and often over some of the more linear-style illuminations of hand A. 4 However, upon examining the vestments in the illuminations, it can be speculated that another ‘hand’ or ‘style’ was involved. At a stylistic level, two hands can be clearly differentiated in the illuminations of the lfm, hands that have recently been referred to as ‘A’ (more archaic in style) and ‘B’ (with a more ‘advanced style’). 3 This makes them an outstanding visual source for medieval royal courts and feudal ceremonies, because of their display of vestments, gestures, and social dynamics. Moreover, the manuscripts are among the few preserved judicial lay manuscripts with illuminations. These judicial lay manuscripts shed light on what was a complex arrangement at the time, namely the unification of Aragón and Catalonia territorially and politically but not judicially, with the Crown of Aragón and the counties of Barcelona remaining independent in their judicial aspects. 1200), both kept in the Archivo de la Corona de Aragón (hereafter aca) in Barcelona. ![]() 1195) and the Liber Feudorum Ceritaniae (hereafter lfc c. 2 At the end of Alfonso’s reign, two manuscripts were created for the preservation of Aragonese judicial, financial, and political documentation, the Liber Feudorum Maior (hereafter lfm c. The reign of Alfonso ii ‘the Troubadour’ began after a consort period led by nobles and ecclesiastical figures, as the young prince had not been old enough to rule when his father died. 1164–1196), the son of the aforementioned Petronila and Ramon. The Crown of Aragón was first unified with the Catalan counties under Alfonso ii (r. Petronila was indeed queen of Aragón, but she never acted as such, since Ramon assumed governance over these two territories, as a prince in Aragón and a count in Catalonia, until his death. In 1150, Petronila wedded Ramon Berenguer iv (1113/14–1162), Count of Barcelona. At that point, it was necessary to decide how to handle the difficult situation of the Crown of Aragón, which now only had a female heiress. 1134–1137), resumed to his monastic life. It was in 1136 that Princess Petronila of Aragón was born (died 1173), after which her father, known as Ramiro ii ‘the Monk’ (r. Ramiro, the deceased king’s brother was forced to leave his monastic life to marry and produce an heir. Amid this political turmoil, and after the political forces rejected the king’s last will. This king deposited the Kingdom of Aragón in the hands of the monastic orders of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem, the Templars, and Hospitallers. 1104–1134) had left the kingdom in an agitated state. In the case of the Crown of Aragón, the testament of Alfonso i ‘the Battler’ (r. With the founding of the Almohad Caliphate and the separations of the kingdoms of Castile and León and of Navarre and Aragón, the regions now known as Spain were in a moment of deep territorial change and adaptation. From the second quarter of the 12th century, the Iberian Peninsula was a place of political combustion.
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